Mastitis, result of intramammary infections, exhibits serious economic problem in dairy sector due to the loss in milk yield and quality. Clinical and subclinical occurrence are common where subclinical cases are asymptomatic and need additional diagnostic tools for identification. Somatic cell counts (SCCs) in raw milk are an indicator for intramammary Intra-mammary infections (IMI) infections and thus helpful in subclinical mastitis forecasting. Somatic cells of 100,000 cells per ml are regarded as normal for uninfected milk and elevation above 200,000 cells per ml suspects IMI in cattle. The Somatic cell count (SCC) can be estimated with direct microscopic method or by flow cytometry. The major concerns of higher SCC are due to the hazardous effect on milk yield, milk quality, products processing, and pathogens that may have zoonotic importance. Good hygienic practices in shed and supplementations in rations can lower SCC and reduction of IMI. The regular monitoring of SCC is the pathway for early prediction of subclinical cases and assessing udder health management techniques for beneficent dairy business.

Medicinal plants are of great importance since the beginning of human civilizations. Popularity of medicinal plants is increasing year by year in plant-based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food supplements, etc., due to its well-known properties along with its no side effects as compared to drugs. Tinospora cordifolia is commonly known as “Guduchi,” “Gurjo,” heart-leaved moonseed,” or giloy. A chemical constituent present in various parts of T. cordifolia, their medicinal importance has risen up its popularity. Recently from the period of COVID-19 pandemics, it is widely used to boost up immunity to fight against the coronavirus. This miracle plant is a shrub of vast Ayurvedic importance and is widely used in clinical research. This article had compiled diverse information regarding the identifications, chemical components present, pharmacological as well as Ayurvedic importance of T. cordifolia with a focus of it on recent occurred COVID pandemic as well.

Background: Poultry farming has become an integral part of animal husbandry and has been developed rapidly during the last few decades. Antibiotics have been used and adopted as growth promoters for improving feed efficiency and performance in poultry industry. The prolonged use of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant bacteria and destruction of beneficial bacteria. Search on additives that can replace antibiotics without causing any negative impact in productivity and quality has been progressed. Objective: To review the various growth promoters available alternate to antibiotic, that can perform better in the existing condition according to their genetic potential and keep up health, growth, and performance of poultry. Materials and Methods: Our study relies on the literature analysis; clinical and biological data were collected from different literatures and reports. Result of Study: A brief description of alternatives and their efficaciousness, use, and advantage for enhancing production and safeguarding the health of poultry is presented. Although the beneficial activities of the developed alternative are well demonstrated, their mode of actions is not well defined. Conclusions and Recommendations: The article is useful to the researchers to enhance their idea on poultry birds and perform further research on antibiotics and other alternatives without sacrificing birds.

The provision of nutritional components in critical illness such as sepsis remains a big issue in clinical application, particularly through oral route due to intestinal integrity damaged-associated absorption problem. The aim of this research was to develop Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) nanoemulsion as a nutrient carrier to improve its permeability while maintaining the intestinal mucosa integrity in mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. EVOO nanoemulsion was prepared by using ultrasonication-mild agitation method. EVOO nanoemulsion (1.5 mL) was administered to the mice through orogastric tube. The effect of EVOO nanoemulsion was evaluated by assessing the histopathological alterations in lung, measuring the activation of NFκB-p65 by immunohistochemistry of lung tissue, the levels of circulating Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-10. The main result, EVOO nanoemulsion decreased circulating SP-D level after 24 h. In conclusion, EVOO nanoemulsion is a promising carrier to improve nutrition absorption and decrease circulating SP-D as organ injury biomarker.